Analyzing Scope Creep

This week's assignment is to post a blog using the following as a guide. Describe a project, either personal or professional, that experienced issues related to scope creep. What specific scope creep issues occurred? How did you or other stakeholder deal with those issues at the time? Looking back on the experience now, had you been in the position of managing the project, what could you have done to better manage these issues and control the scope of the project?

Several years ago, I was working for an early childhood program as a developmental therapist. Every year, the program offered a graduation celebration to all children that finished the program. Since we were inviting families with children that turned three years during the school year of the celebration, the list of families rose  close to 80. One of the biggest issues was the financial part we were in a non for profit organization, and funds were always scarce. It was my second year working for the organization when I was appointed to lead the project. My job was to find donors willing to help with most of the expenses in order to have a successful celebration. The funds available from the program were very limited compared to all needs to have a celebration for the families. The primary goal was to recognize the parent's participation receiving therapeutic services for their children, and share information that could be encouraging and meaningful other families. The activities were to offer a breakfast for each child and primary caregivers participating in the program. It was require to have a speaker to talk and motivate the families to keep advocating for the children's needs and rights. Each was going to receive a certificate for participation in the program, and two parents were going to share their thoughts about the services received from the intervention program.

I was able to have the celebration done with success. However, I could not sleep well for more than one month, and at that point I, was very stress. I had support from ten co-workers (team project members). Six team members did a good job completing their assignment three did not complete their part, and one person resigned from her position during the project. I had to complete the part from three team members that did not complete their part using the lack of Spanish language as an excuse, and take over the part of the person leaving the program.

Looking back, I can see how I could avoid too many stress and a few hours of rest. Now I understand how important is to develop a statement of work to outline the purpose, objectives, constraints, and assumptions. I knew that some people were suppose to help me (supporters) during the project, while others were just observers, and a few were taking the role of drivers. I could have implemented the use of a work breakdown structure. Absolutely the use of a linear responsibility chart could be of considerable assistance. I spent too much time on tasks that could be assigned to some other team members, and focus on the significant risks.

Estimating Cost and Allocating Resources

Allocating for resources is a challenging task that project managers need to face in order to complete a project. Since all projects compete for limited human and physical resources, it is up to project managers to know how to utilize effectively those resources to make sure the project can succeed (Portny, Mantel, Meredith, Shafer, Sutton, & Kramer, 2008).

 My course project focuses in transforming a face-to-face workshop to an online module. I am also interested in creating online courses through my career as instructional designer, so I decided to search for cost estimation tools that can be useful in creating online courses.

Next you will find the two resources that I found interesting and helpful for any project.

Using a Web-based System to Estimate the Cost of Online Course Production

The link for this Web site is: http://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/fall123/gordon123.html

Many faculty members want to create their own online course. However, usually these professionals are experts in their own specific subject matter, and have lack of knowledge about how to develop a course online. In response to that issue, the Center for Learning Technologies at Old Dominion University (ODU) to establish and develop and effective  cost estimation model to eventually develop the Asynchronous Cost Model (ACM) for online course development (Gordon, He, & Abdous 2009).

This Web site explains how to the ACM spreadsheet provides a framework to help estimate the cost of developing an online course. The categories addressed include instructional design, interface, text, graphics, photographs, animation, audio, video, assessment, learning management, and deliverables. I like the information provided by this Web site explaining how the use of spreadsheets using Microsoft Word, and Excel to create the forms. 

The second source that I found helpful is from Big Dog & Little Dog's Performance Juxtaposition.

Estimating Costs and Time in Instructional Design

The link for this Web site is: http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/costs.html#hours

This site provides some expenses for estimating training costs. Understanding that the prices the site is sharing are just an estimate, it is very helpful for people like me that are novice in this area. I did not have any idea the total price to produce a professional video that falls between the $ 1,000.00 to $ 3,000.00 per-finished-minute.

This site also share the estimating on development hours. The design time is shared in hour of training. After reading the article you can have a clear idea of development times to create one-hour of e-learning and more information of instructor preparation time. The information that I found and will be useful to complete my course project is the amount of hours needed for developing time.

Reference

Portny, S. E., Mantel, S. J., Meredith, J. R., Shafer, S. M., Sutton, M. M., & Kramer, B. E. (2008). Project management: Planning, scheduling, and controlling projects. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Communicating Effectively

Communicating Effectively

    Effective communication is fundamental in project management. "The ability to communicate well, both orally and in writing is a critical skills for project managers" (Portny, Mantel, Meredith, Shafer, Sutton, & Kramer, 2008, p. 357). Through the projects a project manager can communicate formally and informally. For this assignment, we were presented a communication in three formats and asked to consider:

• How did your interpretation of the message change from one modality to the next?
• What factors influenced how you perceived the message?
• Which form of communication best conveyed the true meaning and intent of the message?
• What are the implications of what you learned from this exercise for communicating effectively with members of a project team?

Interpretation on each Message Modality

Written Text (Email)

    Jane is communicating to Mark that she needs his report to finish hers. She is showing respect by acknowledging that Mark has been busy in meetings, but also informing him that it is very important that he finish his report.  Jane is encouraging Mark to call her back with a possible date to submit his report or data that she needs before the dateline.

Audio (Voicemail)

    Jane is delivering the message with respectful words just like she did on the email. However, her tone of voice is indicating that she is stress with the fact that might miss her dateline to submit her report.  Jane use different inflection to emphasize information like "because your report contains data I need to finish my report. I might miss my own dateline." The message is delivering an urgency to respond as soon as possible.

Video (Face-to-Face)

    Jane starts her communication by smiling, acknowledging that Mark has been busy in meetings. However, she turns this around emphasizing a sense of urgency on the word "but". She also emphasize with words and gestures the need of Marks report in order to finish hers. She uses her hands to communicate "your" and "my" in conjunction with the tone of voice showing urgency.

    When I was reading the email, I felt it was not overwhelming with too much information, and it was direct to the point. It was respectful and persuading a reply. On the other hand, the voice intonation used on the other two approaches emphasize how important it is that Mark responds promptly with a date of possible submission of his report. The problem with the email and voice mail, is that the project manager does not know if Mark read or heard the messages. 

    The three modalities of communication, clearly explained that Mark is responsible to complete and submit his report to Jane in order to submit the project's report. It is Jane's responsibility to complete the progress report, but Mark is responsible to submit his report that includes information that is required for the project's report. Portny et al, (2008)states that "if you are responsible, you should be held accountable."

    It is clear that all three modalities of communication are important in communicating a message. However, Dr. Stolovich states that communication is not just words. Effective communication is influenced by spirit and attitude, tonality and body language, timing, and the personality of the recipient. 

    As a project manager need to be an excellent diplomat to identify and engage stakeholders. The communication needs to be clear, concise, and focused. If it is used on this way communication can be helpful to everyone involved in the project to stay on target (Laureate Education, Inc. Communicating with stakeholders, 2010). Projects can involved formal and informal communications. Most of the times stakeholders are involved in different activities and it is necessary that project managers use the three modalities shown above. However, according to Dr. Stolovich important communication is best delivered with all team members live (Laureate Education, Inc.).

References:

Laureate Education, Inc. (Producer). (2010). Communicating with stakeholders. Stolovich,H. [Video Webcast]. Retrieved from  https://class.waldenu.edu/webapps/portal

Portny, S. E., Mantel, S. J., Meredith, J. R., Shafer, S. M., Sutton, M. M., & Kramer, B. (2008). Project Management: Planning, scheduling, and controlling projects. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

The art of effective communication [Multimedia Program]. (n.d.). Laureate Education, Inc. Retrieved May 15, 2012 from: http://mym.cdn.laureate-media.com/2dett4d/Walden/EDUC/6145/03/mm/aoc/index.html.

Learning from a Project "Post-Mortem"

Find ways to increase parent participation in workshops

    This project consists of two phases. The first phase of the project was to identify ways to increase the parents participation in workshops offered in an early childhood program. Portny, Mantel, Meredith, Shafer, Sutton, & Kramer (2008) states that a project can be large or small, and it may be planned formally or informally. The team decided to do a research through a survey to find out why there was a lack of parent participation on those workshops.

Background information

    I am working for an early childhood program that provides Early Head Start and Head Start services. This organization went from a major change through small changes in less than two years. One of the major changes was the change of services going from a child care program to a Head Start and Early Head Start programs. Families were not used to have parent involvement services and workshops to participate on. The site director tried to take the role of project manager, and decided to assign a small project to each team member of the administration staff. One of the project team members resigned from her position, and I was hired to take over her role in the organization and the project. Since I was the person responsible to provide the workshops to the parents, I decided to take the leadership of the chaotic situation.

    I considered that the project was very chaotic when I took over the other person’s role. The site director who was trying to coordinate the project was busy with other activities. I expressed my concerns about the poor communication among the project team members and some mistakes on the survey's results to the site director. After my meeting with the site director she decided to give me the role of project manager. I was the only person interest in the project, with enthusiasm and leadership to complete it. The site director took the position of functional manager's role.

    My first task was to increase communication at all means among the project team members. I opened an account with Rypple and sent initiations to all the team members and establish a communication with constant recognition to each and one of them. Soon some of the team members were motivated and committed to participate enthusiastically in the project. Some team members gave me a hard time with the project, and that made me realize how accurate the statement is "project managers have high responsibilities with little authority" (Portny et al, 2008).

    In my case, I knew what the outcomes will be for the project. We wanted to find ways to increase the participation of parents. The problem was that I did not know the needs of the project and needed to take the initiative to find out the real needs.

    Fortunately for me I was taking the course Foundations of Research, and I took my job project as my assignment project and did my research to find out why some parents were showing lack of participation. Taking this course made me realize that I needed much more work to have a less stressful project. Something that I will remember to use in future projects is to start immediately letting the ID process guide the work. I will use the statement of work to outline the purposes, objectives, constraints, and assumptions that will guide the project from start to finish (Portny et al, 2008). Another document that could be helpful during the project was the work breakdown to organize all the activities necessary to complete the project. This was a hard experience, but it gave the knowledge to identify my weakness and strengths.

    I tried to follow the recommendations from Michael Greer that state that PM and team members need to develop a list of lessons learned so I don't repeat the same mistakes. He recommends a two step process for conducting these reviews:

1.  First, prepare and circulate a whole bunch of specific questions about the project and give team members time to think about them and prepare their responses individually.
2. Next, hold a meeting and discuss the team’s responses to the questions. The result of this discussion is often a list of “Lessons Learned.”

    The benefit of the first step, done individually by team members, is that it allows the quieter, more analytical people to develop their responses to the questions without being interrupted by the more outgoing, vocal types who might otherwise dominate in the face-to-face meeting. Also, it allows everyone the time to create more thoughtful responses.

    The next phase will be to implement the suggestions from the survey to the workshops. I hope the PM can have all the support right at the beginning.  

Reference:

Portny, S. E., Mantel, S. J., Meredith, J. R., Shafer, S. M., Sutton, M. M., & Kramer, B. E. (2008). Project management: Planning, scheduling, and controlling projects. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Michael Greer’s Project Management Resources web site.  The URL is http://www.michaelgreer.com.

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